Cities have hospitals and modern clinics. There are efficient systems of sanitary evacuation also. All villages have little clinics with physicians and minimum medicines.
Aside usual hygiene advice and protection against mosquito bites and solar protection, no particular medicine is necessary for people in good health.
Nevertheless, it is necessary to bring clothes adapted to changing climates according to different regions.
Yellow fever immunization proof is required if you have travelled to an infected zone six months before your arrival.
Let's mention that stress of traveling and changes in the diet used to be the main reasons of tourist's diarrhea. Hand gels sanitizers are useful to prevent diarrhea. Try to avoid raw or uncooked vegetables, salads or seafoods. Fruits are safe when well washed.
Passport and visa are required. Entry and staying visa is issued by Malagasy Embassies, Malagasy Consular representations (online), the Police commissioner at the airport or, exceptionally, through correspondence with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Be careful for your dates of stay as there is no posibility of extension for the airport visa. The normal fee for visa at the airport is 10 euros for less than 15 day stay.
The connections departing to Madagascar are Paris (France), Nairobi (Kenya), Johannesburg (South Africa), St Denis (Reunion island), Port Louis (Mauritius island), Istabul (Turkyie), Dubai (UAE), Addis Ababba (Ethiopia). The airlines companies are Air France, Air Mauritius, South African Airlink, Air Austral and Corsairfly, Kenya Airways, Turkish Airlines, Ethiopian Airlines and recently Emirates. The capital city, Antananarivo is well known also as Tana (pronounce Tàna). The airport is Antananarivo-Ivato International Airport (TNR).
Foreigners are not compelled to declare foreign currencies. Visa cards are accepted by banks and some shops.
Change is done at bank office or exchange office. Note that there is only one exchange office at the international airport for now.
The official currency is Ariary (Ar 1 = 5 FMG, the former unit), both FMG and Ariary appear on the currency on some banknotes. Online newspapers (Midi Madagasikara or L'Express de Madagascar, for exemple) give you the bank rates of currencies. Visa card is widely accepted as Mastercard used to be accepted around the capital city only